熱烈慶祝我公司與深圳市博物館係統(tǒng)簽署合作協(xié)議，涵蓋深圳市博物館、南山博物館、沙頭角博物館等館藏資料和相關資料。

我公司翻譯《深圳改革開放發(fā)展史》《深圳古代、現(xiàn)代和未來》《深圳民俗》三本著作之後，經(jīng)深圳市博物館引薦翻譯南山博物館、沙頭角博物館等館藏資料。

翻譯資料經(jīng)得起香港大學曆史學博士驗收合格。

部分譯文摘錄

第五章 社會變革 歲月如歌

中華人民共和國建立後，南山人民在共產(chǎn)黨的領導下實現(xiàn)了耕者有其田、漁者有其船的願望，發(fā)揮出極大地勞動熱情，發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)、漁業(yè)、興修水利，為改變貧窮落後麵貌做出了努力。但是在“階級鬥爭為綱”、的思想指導下，實行“政治邊防”政策，加上“文化大革命”運動，使得南山的經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展緩慢，與香港形成巨大的反差，逃港成風。南山人民期待著一場徹底改變貧窮落後麵貌的曆史變革。

Chapter V  Social Change, Music as Life

After the foundation of the People’s Republic of China, Nanshan people under the leadership of the Communist Party satisfied their desires, that is land to the tiller and fishing boat to the fisherman. They made great efforts and played a great enthusiasm to change the poverty and backwardness by developing agriculture, fishery and water conservancy. However, later under the guidance of “Class Struggle as the Key Link”, “Political Border Policy ” and “Cultural Revolution”, Nanshan slowed down economic and social development, forming a great contrast with the development of Hong Kong, therefore, illegal entry into Hong Kong became a common practice. Nanshan People looked forward to a completely historical change for the poverty and backwardness.

寶安縣政府成立，設在今南頭城古城博物館。

Baoan County government was established which was located in today’s Nantou ancient city museum.

土地改革

土地改革運動將地主階級的土地沒收後分配給無地少地的農(nóng)民，目的是將封建半封建的土地所有製改變?yōu)檗r(nóng)民的土地所有製，解放被封建生產(chǎn)關係束縛的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力，為中國的迅速工業(yè)化作準備?！秾毎餐粮膱蟆?，反映了20世紀50年代初期深圳地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟社會狀況和土改運動 “村村流血，戶戶鬥爭”的嚴重局麵。

Land Reform

Land reform movement is to confiscate the land of the landlord class and then assigned to the landless peasants, aiming at changing the feudal and semi-feudal land tenure into the farmers’ land tenure, emancipating the agricultural productive forces, and preparing for the rapid industrialization. Baoan Land Reform News reflected the economic and social situation and the serious land reform movement in the early 1950s in Shenzhen. 

寶安《土改快報》

Baoan Land Reform Express

村村鬥地主

Fight against the Landlords in Every Village                 

寶安《土改快報》漫畫——過新年

Cartoon for Baoan Land Reform Express---Celebrate New Year

人民公社

1958年9月，實行政社合一的人民公社製，南山區(qū)域屬超英人民公社，下轄南頭、蛇口生產(chǎn)管理區(qū)，1959年改稱南頭人民公社。1963年分南頭、蛇口人民公社。南頭公社下轄灣下、南山、南頭、大衝、珠江、塘朗、新圍、白芒、石巖、上屋、官田、水田等12個生產(chǎn)大隊，蛇口下轄西鄉(xiāng)、北頭、大新、後海、海灣、漁業(yè)一大隊、漁業(yè)二大隊、大鏟島等8個生產(chǎn)大隊。

People’s Commune

In September, 1958, people’s commune system was implemented, which means the integration of government administration with commune management. Nanshan District belonged to Chaoying people’s commune, having Nantou and Shenkou production management area. In 1959, it was renamed as Nantou people’s commune, which was divided into Nantou people’s commune and Shekou people’s commune in 1963. There were 12 production brigades in Nantou people’s commune, such as, Wanxia, Nanshan, Nantou, Dachong, Zhujiang, Tanglang, Xinwei, Baimang, Shiyan, Shangwu, Guantian and Shuitian. There were 8 production brigades in Nantou people’s commune, such as, Xixiang, Beitou, Daxin, Houhai, Haiwan, No.1 Brigade Fishery, No.2 Brigade Fishery and Dachan Island.

1953年6月，寶安縣全麵開展農(nóng)村互助合作運動,這年冬天，試辦第一個初級農(nóng)業(yè)合作社--新橋合作社。寶安農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)獲得長足的發(fā)展，糧食產(chǎn)量逐年增加。（何煌友）

In June, 1953, Baoan County carried out a comprehensive mutual aid and cooperation movement in rural areas. That winter, the first pilot primary agricultural cooperative, Xinqiao agricultural cooperative was established. Agricultural production developed rapidly, and grain yield increased year by year in Baoan. (He Huangyou)

深圳人民公社成立（何煌友）

坐在稻穗上的農(nóng)民

人有多大膽，產(chǎn)量有多高。

人民公社食堂（何煌友）

Shenzhen people’s commune was established. (He Huangyou)

Farmers who were sitting on the rice head 

How bold you are, how high yield you will have.

People’s Commune Canteen (He Huangyou)

寶安氮肥廠（何煌友）

南頭罐頭廠（何煌友）

寶安縣貧下中農(nóng)代表大會（何煌友）

寶安縣農(nóng)業(yè)學大寨群英會（何煌友）

Baoan Nitrogeous Fertilizer Plant  (He Huangyou)

Nantou Canning Factory  (He Huangyou)

Congress for Poor and Lower-middle Peasants in Baoan (He Huangyou)

Conference of Emulating Dazhai on Agriculture for Outstanding Workers in Baoan (He Huangyou)

傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)業(yè)

改革開放前30年，南山農(nóng)村農(nóng)民仍然采用曆史上沿襲下來的耕作方法和農(nóng)業(yè)技術耕種鋤割，憑著農(nóng)民的辛勤勞作，從1965年到改革開放前，寶安上交公糧為珠江三角洲各縣之冠。

Traditional Agriculture

30 years ago before reform and opening-up, Nanshan rural farmers still used the inherited traditional farming methods and agricultural technology. From the year 1965 to the reform and opening-up, the delivered tax grain to the state by Baoan ranked the first in Chu Chiang Delta area. 

春播（何煌友）

寶安農(nóng)民春耕插秧（何煌友）

插秧

Spring Sowing (He Huangyou)

Spring Sowing and Rice Transplanting by Baoan Farmers (He Huangyou)

Rice Transplanting

勿誤農(nóng)時，送嬰兒到田頭哺乳（1975年）。

深圳西部沙田女                           

客家人風穀

Sending Baby for Breastfeeding on the Edge of a Field for not Missing Farming Season (in 1975)

Shatian Female in Western Part of Shenzhen

Fenggu (Grain is separated from the chaff by lifting it in the hands and letting the wind blow the chaff away while the heavier grains drop to the ground.) by Hakka 

客家女

南頭公社貧下中農(nóng)豐收不忘本，喜交愛國糧（1972年）。

家禽養(yǎng)殖業(yè)是寶安的傳統(tǒng)副業(yè)，在20世紀50年代初期有了較大的發(fā)展,活躍了農(nóng)村集貿(mào)市場,提高了人民生活水平。（何煌友）

1970年，遠近馳名的南山荔枝獲特大豐收。

Hakka Female

Poor and lower-middle peasants in Nantou Commune delivered tax grain to the state. (in 1972)

Poultry industry is the traditional sideline oppucation in Baoan, which made significant development in the early 1950s, activated the rural bazaar, and improved the people’s living standard. (He Huangyou)

In 1970, Harvest of Well-known litchi inNanshan.

種蠔采蠔

南山地處珠江口前海，海岸線長，河床、灘塗廣闊，水質肥沃，氣候溫和，適宜養(yǎng)蠔，故養(yǎng)蠔業(yè)有著悠久曆史。據(jù)記載，直到改革開放前，蠔產(chǎn)量每年仍有500多噸。

Growing Oyster and Picking Oyster

Nanshan is located in the mouth of Zhujiang River, with long coastlines and riverbeds, vast beaches, fertile water and mild climate, which is suitable for growing oyster, therefore, it has a long history for oyster growing. According to records, before reform and opening-up, the annual oyster production were still more than 500 tons.

颯爽英姿——趕海

1978年的北頭蠔民

1979年，少先隊員在赤灣海灘玩耍。

1979年赤灣村民在看少先隊員演出

Gather seafood on the beach when the tide is ebbing.

Farmer who grew oyster in 1978

In 1979, the Young Pioneers were playing in the Chiwan beach. 

Chiwan villagers were enjoying the performances by the Young Pioneers in 1979.

逃港成風

改革開放前，中國實行 “階級鬥爭為綱”的極左路線，尤其是 “文化大革命”十年動亂，國民經(jīng)濟到了崩潰的邊緣，與一河之隔的香港形成巨大的反差，誘使深圳河北麵的群眾紛紛冒著生命危險偷渡香港，致使南山農(nóng)村隻剩老人和小孩。1978年，鄧小平在視察廣東時說：“這是我們的政策有問題，此事不是部隊管得了的。”預示著偉大曆史變革的來臨。

Illegal entry into Hong Kong became a common practice.

Before the reform and opening-up, China implemented the ultra-left course of “Class struggle as the key link”, especially the “Cultural Revolution”, which pushed the national economy to the brink of collapse, forming a great contrast to the economic development in Hong Kong. Therefore, people from Shenzhen risked their lives and illegally entered into Hong Kong, and then there were only the elder and children in rural areas of Nanshan. In 1978, when Deng Xiaoping visited Guangdong, he said: “this is because our policy deficiency, which cannot be controlled by troops. “, which indicated the coming of the great historical change.

文化大革命十年動亂，領導幹部遭到批鬥、靠邊站，經(jīng)濟困難時期的“三個五”政策被當作反革命修正主義路線進行批判。

During ten-year chaos of “Cultural Revolution”, leading cadres were denounced and were deprived for authority. Druing the difficult economic times, “Three Fives Policy”(the policies related to the subsidy, prohibition and household ) was taken as the counter-revolutionary revisionist line to be critisized. 

“南頭蒼蠅深圳蚊”，不少群眾因此冒著生命危險偷渡香港。

被港英當局遣返的偷渡者

1981年的赤灣村

1981年的深圳灣酒店場址（何煌友）

People from Shenzhen risked their lives and illegally entered into Hong Kong, who were like flies in Nantou and mosquito in Shenzhen.

Repatriated Illegal Immigrants by Hong Kong British Authorities

Chiwan Village in 1981

Shenzhen Bay Hotel Site in 1981 (He Huangyou)

1983年的南頭（何煌友）

1983年南山、南園、北頭村貌。

1983年的蛇口村貌（何煌友）

仿文革瓷

Nantou in 1983 (He Huangyou)

Nanshan, Nanyuan and Beitou Village in 1983 

Shekou Village in 1983 (He Huangyou)

Copy of Cultural Revolution Porcelain

第六章 海洋文化 南山風情

深圳是現(xiàn)代移民城市，但在她的曆史上也有過多次移民。東晉時期，因中原戰(zhàn)亂頻仍，衣冠望族，多有南遷。宋元之際，寄居南雄“珠璣巷”的中原移民為避戰(zhàn)亂而南遷，有些則是南宋抗元軍民潰散流落珠江三角洲地區(qū)。清朝初年因“遷?！?、“複界”，導致大批客家人徙居深圳。曆次徙居深圳地區(qū)的移民與原住民相融合，為深圳的早期開發(fā)做出了重要的曆史貢獻?！耙泼袷俏幕罨钴S的載體”,古代移民的文化基因，在枕山麵海的南山孕育出豐富的海洋文化，演繹了多姿多彩的南山風情。

Chapter VI  Marine Culture, Nanshan Customs

Shenzhen is a modern immigrant city, but in history there were many times of immigrants. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, because of frequent wars, some distinguished families immigrated to the south. During the Song and Yuan Dynasty, the original emigrants from Central Plains who lived in Zhujixiang of Nanxiong moved to the south for avoiding the war, and some of the emigrants were soldiers and civilians of Southern Song Dynasty who cast away in Chu Chiang Delta region. In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, large amount of Hakka immigrated to Shenzhen because of “Qianhai” (it means that coastal residents moved away from the coastal region for avoiding the war) and “Fujie” (after reunification with Taiwan, the Qing Dynasty allowed the residents to move back to the coastal regions). All the immigrants and Shenzhen original residents integrated well, who made important historical contributions to the early development of Shenzhen. Immigration is the most active carrier of culture which nurtured rich marine culture in Nanshan and showed colorful Nanshan customs. 

南山廣府、客家民係遷徙

據(jù)族譜記載，廣府民係的先祖大多來自中原的漢族人，唐宋時期經(jīng)大庾嶺通道南下，落戶於南雄珠璣巷，兩宋時期播遷環(huán)珠江口地區(qū)。 

人文薈萃

不同地域，不同文化傳承，不同出身背景的移民，彙聚在南山這塊豐腴之地之上，在碰撞中融合，求同存異，榮辱與共，孕育出一代又一代賢人達士、文官武將。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計，明清兩代南山有據(jù)可查的進士、舉人及其它功名人物數(shù)以百計。

Nanshan Guangfu, Migration of Hakka Sub-nation

According to genealogical records, the Guangfu sub-nation ancestors were the Hans mostly from the Central Plains, who immigrated to Zhujixiang of Nanxiong passing through Dayuling down south in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and moved to the regions around the mouth of Zhujiang River in the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties.

Human and Culture Prosperity

Immigrants from different regions, with different family background and cultural background gathered in Nanshan, where they sought common ground while accepting the existing differences, shared honor or disgrace and nurtured great scholars, civilians and military officers one generation after another. According to incomplete statistics, there were hundreds of Jinshi (former third degree candidate in the national civil service examination), Juren (former second degree candidate in the provincial examination) and celebrities in the Ming and Qing dynasties

衎我烈祖 匾 南明

兩廣總督張之洞題“拔元” 匾  清

張之洞

學著雍宮 匾 清宣統(tǒng)

崇禮堂 匾 清

祖先畫像 清 

鑲嵌螺鈿梳妝盒 清代

青花四係帶流罐 2件 清

 Kan Wo Lie Zu   a Plaque  Nanming

“Bo Yuan” on a Plaque Written by Zhang Zhidong, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi in the Qing Dynasty

Zhang Zhidong

Xue Zhu Yong Gong     a Plaque   in the Reign of Xuantong Emperor in the Qing Dynasty

Chong Li Tang   a Plaque     in the Qing Dynasty

Ancestor Image     in the Qing Dynasty

Dressing Case Inlayed Gold   in the Qing Dynasty

Two Blue and White Flow Jars with Four Handles    in the Qing Dynasty

洋教傳入 

中英鴉片戰(zhàn)爭失敗後，允許五口通商，基督教（天主教、東正教、新教統(tǒng)稱基督教）紛紛前來深圳傳教。1870年，天主教在南頭建立第一座天主教堂，發(fā)展成為新安縣傳教中心。

 基督教傳教士的主要活動有兩個方麵：一是傳播基督教教義，發(fā)展信徒；二是從事教育、文化、衛(wèi)生工作。他們多半致力於對中國曆史文化的學習、風俗習慣的了解和推介，尤其是用客家和廣府方言對聖經(jīng)的翻譯及闡揚基督教教義書籍的編印等，對中外文化交流做出了曆史性的貢獻。

Foreign Religion Introduction

After the failure of Sino-British Opium War, commercial business could be carried out in five ports, therefore, Christianity (Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant are collectively called as Christianity) was preached in Shenzhen. In 1870, the Catholic Church was built in Nantou, becoming the Christian mission center of Xin’an County.

There were two activities for Christian preachers: one is to preach Christian doctrine and develop believers, and the other is to be engaged in education, culture, and health work. They were dedicated to study Chinese history and culture and understand customs. Especially, they translated the Bible into Hakka and Guangfu dialect to propagate Christian doctrine books, which made a historic contribution in cultural exchange between China and foreign countries.

基督教第一位來華宣教士馬禮遜牧師               

韓山文

Robert Morrison, the first Christian Preacher to China 

Han Wenshan

水上人家

南山南頭鎮(zhèn)和大新村1984

20世紀70年代的蛇口漁港

深圳灣的漁帆

Boat Dweller

Nantou and Daxin Village of Nanshan in 1984

Shekou Fishing Port in the 1970s

Fishing Boat Sail in Shenzhen Bay 

書照：康熙《新安縣誌·藝文誌·條議》，《禁豪強以惠漁疍》。

Book Photo: Xin'an County Annals •Art and Literature• Tiaoyi;  Prohibit Despot to be Beneficial to Fishermen  in the Reign of Kangxi Emperor in the Qing Dynasty

製作場景——辭沙祭媽祖

金漆木雕博古八扇屏風 清光緒

宮燈一對 民國 

金漆木雕條案、八仙桌、禮盒 三件套  民國

潮繡長卷 清末 

Production Scene – Offering Sacrifice to Goddess Matsu of the Sea

Eight-leaf Woodcarving Screen with Gold Lacquer    in the Reign of Guangxu Emperor in the Qing Dynasty

A Pair of Palace Lantern    in the Republic of China

Woodcarving Long Narrow Table, Square Table to Seat Eight People, Gift Box with Gold Lacquer       in the Republic of China

Long Roll in Embroidery from Chaozhou, Guangdong Province  In the end of Qing Dynasty

潮繡三仙、醒獅獻瑞圖 清末

金沙木匾 民國

盛德凝庥 匾  清乾隆 

恩榮耆德 匾 清宣統(tǒng)

石灣陶獅 清

The Embroidery Works: Sanxian and Awake Lion in Embroidery from Chaozhou, Guangdong Province               In the end of Qing Dynasty

Wooden Plaque   in the Republic of China

Shen De Ning Xiu    A Plaque    in the Reign of Qianlong Emperor in the Qing Dynasty

En Rong Qi De   A Plaque    in the Reign of Xuantong Emperor in the Qing Dynasty

Shiwan Pottery Lion    in the Qing Dynasty

金漆木雕神主牌 清

金漆木雕各款餅食商號牌 清末

木刻祝壽聯(lián) 民國

Woodcarving Ancestral Tablet with Gold Lacquer   in the Qing Dynasty

Woodcarving Different kinds of Cookie Tablet with Gold Lacquer   in the end of Qing Dynasty

Woodcutting Couplet for Birthday Congratulation   in the Republic of China